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Thursday, March 31, 2011

Copy Editing

Copy editors are considered the guardians of English grammar traditionally. They have to update themselves with the rapidly changing conventions of writing patters.
Suggestions for Editors: Following are some of the suggestions meant for Copy Editors.
  • Read widely on current write-ups.
  • Take advantage of wide resources available on the Internet
  • Make it a habit to browse a variety of publications from different countries. Daily go through international publications from various countries such as the New York Times, the Washington Post, The Times of India, the Guardian and the Sun.
  •  Among magazines, go through highly reputed magazines such as the Times, The News Week, The Reader’s Digest, and the Economis.
  • If you can not afford to buy hard copies, go through at least their online versions and facsimiles.  websites
  • and they are an sources of information about events taking place around the globe as well as about language and usage.
  •  
  • Check it out at http://www.economist.com/research/styleguide/. It is particularly useful because it also covers a number of style conventions followed in Europe
  •  
  • Without a doubt, the grandfather (or grandmother) of all style manuals is the formidable 956-page Chicago Manual of Style. If you want to be a serious copy editor, I recommend buying your own copy and using it till it is dog-eared. Check out their website at http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html.
  •  
  • Refresh the basics of English grammar. Some useful sites on the Web are “Guide to Grammar and Writing” at http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/ and the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
  •  
  • A humorous and informative perspective on, among other things, punctuation can be found in Lapsing into a Comma, by Bill Walsh.
  • Of course, lest we forget, there’s always that old chestnut, Strunk and White’s Elements on Style, for simple and useful tips on writing well.
 If you’re done writing your first novel and need to sell it to a publisher in India as a literary and commercial success, here a quick guide that you may find helpful:
Step One:
Before approaching a publisher with your manuscript, you need to prepare a list of publishers who would receive your manuscript for evaluation and obtain their contact information. So buckle down for your recon mission (sounds fancy, but all you need to take along is a pen, a notepad and a keen eye) and visit a large bookstore like Crossword or Landmark.
Spend extra time in the aisle of the bookstore where your great story belongs to (non-fiction, fiction, self-help etc.) and note down the names and contact information of publishers for those books.
Carry out the same exercise for the prominently displayed books in the other sections of the bookstore. This would ensure that you shortlist only those publishers with a robust distribution network, weeding out publishers with poor distribution you may come across on the Internet. Once you return from the mission and hang up your boots, you’ll have a list of potential publishers for your book. Some of the top publishers in India include Penguin India, HarperCollins, Random House and Rupa. Make sure you include these publishers on your list!
Step Two
If you’re not a recon person and have the resources to afford a literary agent, go ahead! Two names I’ve come across time and again are Ms. Renuka Chatterjee, Osian Literary Agency (www.osians.com) and Jacarnanda Press (www.jacaranda-press.com). Literary agents have a strong connection with global publishing houses and a persuasive style of selling manuscripts to them.
Step Three
If you can’t afford a literary agent or none of them pick your manuscript, don’t lose hope. In India, unlike most other countries, you don’t necessarily need a literary agent; you may contact the publishers directly. But before you go all guns blazing, add another column to your list of publishers: submission guidelines. Visit the website of every shortlisted publishing house and note down (or simply copy-paste!) the submission guidelines for each publisher. This could be a little tedious, but it’s a crucial step because most publishers are very particular about manuscript submission. Sometimes, there are different guidelines for fiction, non-fiction, short stories and poetry. For e.g. a particular publishing house may want to see a book proposal first, which includes a chapter outline of all your chapters and two or three sample chapters, while others may want you to send your complete manuscript at once. Most of them want the manuscript or the proposal typed on A4 sized sheets, double-spaced and using only one side of the page. Different strokes for different folks!
Step Four
An alternative to traditional publishing is self-publishing your book. One of the well-known self-publishing companies in India is Pothi (www.pothi.com). The advantage with self-publishing your book is low investment, as it offers the option of print-on-demand. You don’t need to stock your self-published books; the self-publishing company prints each book as it’s ordered online. However, in case of self-publishing, since customers don’t get to see your book on the bookshelves of large stores, you may consider hiring a publicist to market your book. A word of caution: Beware of lesser known publishers who ask you for an investment, or a fee for getting your book published. For all you know, the cost of publishing your book maybe a fraction of what they ask you to invest.
Step Five
Once you’ve sent your manuscript to publishers with a heart full of hope, take a patience pill and brace yourself. There’s no better way of saying this so I’ll just go for the least subtle one. There will be rejections. It is a fact that you must deal with, no matter how highly you think of your book. But remember one thing. Had J.K. Rowling been disappointed by the initial twelve rejections of her book, she wouldn’t have gone on to become a multi-millionaire and the twelfth richest woman in Britain within five years. My advice is to keep trying until you get your book published because as they say, you either succeed or you give up!


Friday, March 25, 2011

Syllabus of Content Writing Course

·  Planning Your Writing
·  Guidelines to Write
·  Grammar Skills
·  Developing Reader Centric Documents
·  Prewriting
Effective writing and Paraphrasing
Punctuation
Preparing newsletters and mailers
Press Release writing
Email communication and email etiquette for global customers
Plan Before You Publish
  • How content drives visitors
  • The importance of mission statements and mockups
  • Conducting a content audit
  • Info chunking and Concept Emphasis
  • Chunking information by page and paragraph
  • · 
    • Linear and non-linear narrative
    • Informative links
· Understanding the Technology
  • Graphics -- when to use them, when to avoid them
  • Help and online documentation
Understanding Organizational Politics
Style guides
Content management strategies
Content usability
 Outline:
                + Reading online
                + New findings from our eyetracking studies
                  + Understanding your audience's comprehension level
                + Reading levels and low-literacy users
                + English as a second language
               
    * Understanding Writing
             o How to increase credibility and trust on the Web
   Organizing content
                + Linear and non-linear narrative
                + By task
                + By topic
                + By audience
                + Alternatives
    * Understanding the Technologies
          o Understanding Organizational Politics
          o Style guides
          o Repurposing content
          o Content management strategies
         Metrics to collect when measuring content usability
Using images and graphs in web content appropriately, and making them accessible.
   7. Plain English
  
-------------
         1. What is Instructional Design?
         2. Identifying and Defining Instructional Design Problems
         3. Fundamental Principles of Instructional Design
         4. The Process of Instructional Design
         5. Why Use Instructional Design Theories & Models?
         6. *** Different ID Theories, Models, and their applications
         7. The eLearning Environment and Instructional Design
         8. Peripheral Learning for Instructional Design
         9. Introduction to different tools used in eLearning
        10. Different Stages and Corresponding Documents of the ID Process
        11. The Mechanics of an Instructional Designer’s Mind
        12. Writing Objectives/Competencies
        13. Creating a Strong Course Design
        14. Structuring Content to Meet Design Requirements
        15. Analyzing your Audience and Creating Audience Profile
        16. Techniques for Sifting Content
        17. Writing for the Intended Audience
        18. Visualization Skills for Interactive Learning
        19. Writing Effective Visual Description
        20. Writing Effective Voice-overs and Dialogs
        21. Ensuring Content Flow and Clarity
        22. Prevalent ID/Language Standards and Adherence
        23. Designing Assignments/Questions using corresponding ID models
        24. Writing Introductory and Summation Content
        25. Indian ID & American / British English Swing – Appreciation and Application
        26. Writing Culturally Appropriate Content – Why and How?
        27. Determining Grading for Evaluative Exercises – An Analytical Process
        28. Creating Quality and Efficiency Checklist for your Course
        29. Creating Design, Script, and Storyboard Templates as per Course Requirements
        30. “In-the-Audience’s-shoes” Review
        31. Awareness of SCORM-Conformance and ADL Standards
        32. Interacting with other Disciplines (Media/Programming)
        33. Peer Mechanics in the eLearning Industry


      *** Comprises:
          * The Three Approaches to Instructional Design
          * Different Learning Styles
          * Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation
          * Bloom’s Taxonomy
          * Gagne's Instructional Events
          * Dick and Carey model for ID
          * ADDIE Model as applied to CDLC
          * Kirkpatrick Model for Summative Evaluation
          * Dale’s Cone of Experience
          * Knowles’ Theory of Andragogy


IDCWC Online - Learning Methodology:

    * Course Design, Development, Implementation based on Instructional Design Principles
    * Readings - Lectures
    * Case-studies
    * Interactive activities to guide learning
    * Professional Tips
    * Interactive exercises with immediate feedback
    * Fortnightly Assignment Submissions & Review
    * Online Discussions (asynchronous*)- facilitated by Shafali R. Anand (Editor & Publisher - Wavelength the ID Newsletter)
    * Project Work supported with intermediate reviews.
    * Creation of a:
               1. Course Design Document
               2. Script/Storyboard
               3. Review Checklist
               4. Course Design Template
               5. Script/Storyboard Template
    * Online Test at the end of the Course
    * Continuous evaluation & feedback

(*Asynchronous discussions allow participation according to your convenience.)

Course Duration: 3 Months (April 01, 2011 - June 30, 2011


Monday, March 21, 2011

Alexa: A Tool for Internet Research


Alexa is a Web Information Company commenced in 1996.  It is a subsidiary of Amazon and is headquarters are located in San Francisco, California, USA.  It is popular for knowing Web traffic and web ranking details.

However, it provides you with other details too and some of them are mentioned below:   

  • Like Google, it shows a list of hot trends and hot topics.
  • You can check the results by daily, weekly and monthly basis.
  • You can also know them by country wise or category wise. 
  • If you want to dig into past records, you can go to achieves.
  • You can know the ranking of top sites at global level. 
  • It also shows a list of hot products.
  • You can audit your website with Alexa site.
  • When you make a study of a website, you can know details such as how many pages it had, how many other sites pointed to it, and how frequently it was updated.
  • It provides the Internet Archive through the Way Back Machine.
  • It also shows Page views per User, Bounce Rate, Time on Site, Demographics, Click stream and Search Traffic stats.

However, Alexa faces certain criticism too as there is some debate about the accuracy of Alexa's rankings.  Rankings of less popular websites are not as accurate as the rankings of highly popular websites.  It is due to the lack of data and statistic laws related to the long tail distribution.  Alexa ranking results often contradict with the ranking results of other tools.  Many in the web marketing community still question the accuracy of the results shown by Alexa.

Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy

Forbidden words: Introduction and Filtration

Forbidden Words: Forbidden words, sometimes referred to as poison words, are the words that result in suspicion and loss of dignity for a web site when it is under consideration of a search engine.  For example, obscene words, adult words, and politically prohibited words come under the category of forbidden words.  Search engines usually filter the websites containing forbidden words while displaying content. Usage of Forbidden words results in fall in traffic and search engine rank.

Forbidden words are filtered by following ways:
  • ISPs
  • Search Engines
  • Filtering Software tools
 ISPs: Most filtering is done often by ISPs.  Usually, ISPs or company gateways filter based on port and IP.

Search Engines: Search engines discourage websites and online pages containing prohibited keywords by deliberately displaying them in 100th page or 200th page, which no body will visit.  

Filtering Software: Filtering software applications are popularly used by governments, parents, and employers. Communist countries such as China and North Korea and Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia are popularly known for their restrictions on politically prohibited keywords.  Various nations maintain Firewalls, consisting of thousands of prohibited keywords, which prevent the pages containing the prohibited keywords.

  • Filtering software sometimes strictly ban from search results sites containing prohibited keywords.  
  • If the search string itself contains forbidden words, the firewall will not allow the search to be performed.
Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Contact: 9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in



Friday, March 18, 2011

Suggested Keywords for Research


Suggested Keywords for Research
  • Lexical words
  • What are “Stop Words”
  • Meta Tags
  • Information retrieval
  • Computer linguistics
  • Text mining
  • Concept mining
  • Information extraction
  • Natural language processing
  • Query expansion
  • Stemming
  • Search engine indexing
  • Poison words
  • Function Words

Keyword Density: Content Writing and Re-writing

SEO Copy Writers have to prepare content based on keywords given by Keyword Analysts.  The writer has to maintain required keyword density by looking that given keyword is repeated frequently.  If text is already written, the writer has to rewrite the text in such a way that it contains selected keywords and maintains required keyword density.  Thus, the writer has to make the content search engine friendly. 

Keyword Stuffing and Over Usage of Keywords:

Keyword stuffing is advisable to some extent in order to maintain keyword density.  However, keywords should not be over used.  Whenever you suspect that your content is featured by keyword over usage by other site owners, you can check your doubt with the help of keyword density checkers.  If any over usage of keyword is  detected, the writer has to re-write the text in such a way that keyword density is reduced.

Perils of Over Usage of Keywords:

  • Over usage keywords irritates the reader and often kill the readability of a write-up.
  • The readers may not visit once again in future and it may result in reduction of traffic
  • The readers may even question the creditability of the actual subject even if the subject is correct and written by a Subject Experts
  • Readers may feel bored to read less readable writing and may omit some parts of the text. Sometimes, the missed out parts may be highly important and crucial ones. 
  • Search engines may consider it an auto generated content and may ban the sites/web pages and stop displaying them, resulting in lower search engine rank   
  • If your website or blog is attached to an advertisement network program such as Google ad sense account, the network program may terminate your network account with a view that your content is an auto-generated one.
  • It is considered an unethical practice and prohibited by search engines. 
Search Spam due to Over-usage of Keywords

Search Engines give higher priority to keyword count and keyword density when they search and display websites and online pages.  Hence, all the SEO Copywriters started using keywords more frequently than actually required.

In fact, they literally started inserting the keywords in the text only to attract the attention of search engines.  The process is popularly known as Keyword Stuffing.  Subsequently, majority of the websites and online pages became search engine friendly but at the same time, user-unfriendly.  Some of users expressed their disgust about the search engines for displaying online pages which are unfriendly to the user, unreadable and sometimes, completely useless, by giving undue importance to keyword count and keyword density.  

To control such adverse situations, search engines changed their algorithms for displaying websites and online pages.  They started giving importance to several other factors.  Search engines also started discouraging the overuse of keywords and banning the websites and online pages featured by the over usage of keywords.  Such ban is technically called “Search Engine Spam.”

However, the word “Over Usage” is a highly subjective concept and its definition may vary depending on the context.  However, according to industry standards, keyword is considered “Over Used” when the keyword density of the text exceeds 3%.

Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Contact: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrasheakra_reddy@yahoo.co.in


Keyword Count and Keyword Density Measurement: Manual Method

Some of the keyword research operations such as keyword count and keyword density measurement can be done both manually as well as automatically.  However, some of the operations such as finding the keyword popularity and number of searcher cannot be carried manually.
If you want to calculate the keyword density, follow below mentioned tools:
1. Count the occurrence of given keyword in given text and find the total number of occurrences of the keyword
2. Count and find the total number of words in given text
3. Divide total number of keyword occurrences by total number of words
4. The result that you get with the above mentioned division is called keyword density.

Keyword Density: Keyword density is the percentage of times a keyword occurs in a particular text compared to the total number of words in the text.

Keyword Density = (NKR/TW) * 100

NKR = Number of Times Keyword Repeated
TW = Total words (in the analyzed text) 

Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Contact: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in


Keyword Research tools: Guidelines for Selection and Usage

A large number of keyword research tools are mush-rooming the market and hence, select only effective tools after making adequate enquiry about their efficiency both online and offline. If you search online, you can find many such tools serving different purposes.  Following tools are helpful to you while selecting keyword tool(s).   

  • Keyword research tools that provided by Google are most effective than other tools of similar kind.  Hence, give first priority to tools provided by Google and go for other tools only after using Google tools.
  • Use only free tools and do not go for the paid tools unless yours is a large-scale organization.  Paid versions are usually not advisable for organizations which are either small in size or newly commenced or making low or no profits.  However, paid tools are usually more effective than their free counter parts.
  • Some of the free keyword research tools ask you to register with them and to enter your username and password to allow you to make use of them.  Avoid such tools as they consume more time and kill your productivity
  • If the tools are paid ones, make an enquiry even about the cost-effectiveness and ROI. 
  • Even when you want to go for paid version, make all the possible enquiries and go for reasonably priced versions.
  • If you are employed by somebody, use only the tools which are suggested by your boss/client. 
Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Ph.No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in





Keyword Research Tools: Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Keyword Research Tools:

Following are the advantages that the end user derives by using Keyword Research Tools:

·         Automated tools help the end user in saving time and thus, enhance productivity.
·         Most of the tools are available free of cost.
·         Various Keyword Research tasks such as Keyword Search Count and determination of popular keywords cannot be done manually and can be carried out by using automation tools.
·         Whenever you suspect over usage of keywords in your content, you can check your doubt with the help of keyword density checkers.
·         Some of the keyword research operations such as keyword count and keyword density measurement can be done both manually as well as automatically.  However, when we use tools to calculate keyword count and keyword density, we can save our time and energy. It enhances our productivity.
·         An automated tool does not get tired and affected by the change of mood, like a human being while carrying on a task.

Disadvantages and Limitations of Keyword Research Tools:

  • Keyword count and keyword density measurement tools usually do not accept, at a time, text exceeding 250 or 500 words.
  • Some of results shown by different keyword tools may vary depending on algorithms based on which they are designed.  
  • The efficiency of tools varies according to algorithms based on which they are designed.
  • Though several free tools are available online, they are not as effective as priced ones. They may contain only limited features when compared to priced versions. If you want to go for in-depth research, you are bound to go for paid versions.
  • Some of the priced tools are over priced.
  • Some of the priced tools may not give the desired results and may not yield the promised ROI (Returns on Invest)
  • Individuals cannot check manually whether the results such as Keyword Search shown by tools are accurate.  
  • Some of the keywords listed out as related keywords may not be closely related while some of the closely related keywords may not be listed out at all.
  • Some of tools offered by search engines may not be away from “Search Engine” bias.  For instance, while showing the lists of related keywords, keyword mutations, keyword searches and hot keywords/topics/trends/pages, the search engines may not show accurate results due to their prejudices and business interests. 
Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Ph.No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in




Keyword Research Tools: Introduction

Some of the keyword research operations such as keyword count and keyword density measurement can be done both manually as well as automatically.  However, some of the operations such as finding the keyword popularity and number of searches cannot be carried manually.  In such situations, keyword analysts are bound to depend up on keyword tools.  Keyword research is such a vast subject that you can find number of keyword research tools, which are of various types and serve different purposes.  We shall discuss about some of the keyword tools with their features, merits, and limitations.

Features of Keyword Research tools:
  • The quality and reliability of the tools vary from tool to tool.
  • Some of the tools are free tools and rests of them are priced tools.
  • Priced tools and versions usually contain more features than those of free tools and versions.
  • The results shown by different tools too vary slightly depending on the algorithms, based on which a tool is designed. 
Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Ph.No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in





Wednesday, March 16, 2011

Keyword Group Detection Tools

Keyword Group Detection tool is free tool which helps you to detect instantly the keywords which are conceptually related and similar to the given keyword.
 
Sr. No.
Tool
URL
Benefits
How To Use
Comments/
Unique Features/
To Be Noted
1
Keyword Group Detection
Displays conceptually related and similar keywords.



Enter the keyword in the input box and click “Go” button to know the result.
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 Written By: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Contact: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in
Ph.No: 91-9849856722


Keyword Mutation Detection Tool

Following Keyword Mutation Detection tool helps you detect instantly misspellings, corrected and similar spellings, which are frequently found in search query logs, of entered keyword.
 
Sr. No.
Tool
URL
Benefits
How To Use
Comments/
Unique Features/To Be Noted
1
Keyword Mutation Detection
Displays misspellings, corrected and similar spellings, which are frequently found in search query logs, of entered keyword.
Enter the keyword in the input box and click “Go” button.
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 Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Contact: Ph.No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in




Tool to know ‘Bidding Value’ of Paid Keyword

Search Engine Marketers should have good awareness about the bidding value of "Paid Keywords" while making an investment on them. Following one is a free tool that suggests you instantly the bidding values of various  keywords that are related to given keyword along with their monthly searches. The suggested value is expressed in terms of dollars.

Sr. No.
Tool
URL
Benefits
How To Use
Comment/Unique Features/To Be Noted
1
Sktool
You will find the list of related keywords with monthly searches and suggested bidding value in dollars.
Enter the keyword in “With Words and Phrases” input box and click “Find Keywords” press button.
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Written By: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Ph. No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in

Related Keyword Displayer(s)

Following tool displays a list of keywords which are conceptually related or similar to the given keyword. 

Sr. No.
Tool
URL
Benefits
How To Use
Comments/
Unique Features/
To Be Noted
1
Word Tracker  
Displays the lists of related keywords of an entered keyword.
Enter the keyword and click the “Search” button.
Displays all the related keywords with number of searches in descending order
 
Written by: S. Chandrashekara Reddy
Ph.No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in




Tools to find out Keyword Trends



Sr. No.
Tool
URL
Benefits
How To Use
Comments/
Unique Features/
To Be Noted
1
Google Trends
1) It lists out hot topics and hot searches.

2) You can even find out a list of articles making comparative study of two keywords.
You can compare the total searches of two or more keywords by time, period, country, and city. 
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Written by: S.Chandrashekara Reddy
Ph.No: 91-9849856722
Mail Id: chandrashekara_reddy@yahoo.co.in